Chapter 32, 33 and 34 Study Guide

Chapter 32: An Overview of Animal Diversity

1. Instead of cell walls, animals have______________.
2. Copy figure 32.2 (p. 655) into your notes and define the following vocabulary: cleavage, blastula, blastocoel, gastrulation, gastrula, endoderm, ectoderm, archenteron, blastopore.
3. Review homeoboxes and hox genes from chapter 21.
4. What happened in the Cambrian Explosion? (p. 657)
5. Draw a picture (like a stick figure) and label the following: anterior, posterior, dorsal, ventral.
6. Draw some pictures to represent radial symmetry, bilateral symmetry and cephalization.(p658-659)
7. Using figure 32.8, compare and contrast acoelomates, pseudocoelomates, and coelomates. (p.660)
8. Define the four different types of cleavage (p.660-661)
9. Explain how protostomes and deuterostomes are different. (p. 661)
10. Familiarize yourself with the animal phylogentic trees from pages 662 and 663.

Chapter 33 Introduction to Invertebrates

Read this chapter for its coolness factor.  Especially look at the pictures.  If you have interest in Marine Biology, read this chapter a little more closely.

Describe what makes these groups unique and list at least one representative from the following:

Porifera

Cnidaria

                Hydrozoa

                Scyphozoan

                Cubozoa

                Anthozoa

Lophotrocozoa

                Platyhelminthes

                Rotifera

                Ectoprocta

                Brachiopoda

                Mollusca

                Annelida

Ecdysozoa

                Nematoda

                Arthropods (know about trilobites!)

Deuterostomia

                Echinodermata

                Chordata

Chapter 34 The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

1. What is a “derived character?”
2. What are the characteristics of chordates? (p.697-699) Include definition of all related bold-faced words.
3. Study figure 34.2 (p. 698) and list the major evolutionary changes that caused branches in the tree. 
4. On page 701, there is a figure 34.6.  The book asks you to “make connections” to chapter 21.  Explain your connection.
5. Define oviparous, ovoviviparous and viviparous (p. 707)
6. How are the chondrichthyans different from the osteichthyans? (p. 705-707)
7. Explain why Tiktaalik was such an important discovery. (p.710)
8. Define the sub structures in an amniotic egg. (p714)
9. Define endothermic and ectothermic (p. 715)
10. What defines a mammal?
11. Explain the evolution of the “ear drum.” (Fig 34.37 p.721)
12. What were major evolutionary changes that led to modern humans (729-733)

Thomas and Karla- You were fabulous in the play.