Some Ecology Videos and Helpful Links

Practice with these Climate Graphs:
http://www.geoknow.net/pages/climategraphs.html

Eutrophication
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ahOmeTOIrRg

r and K Selection
http://www.bio.miami.edu/tom/courses/bil160/bil160goods/16_rKselection.html

Demography and Life Histories
http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios101/Demography/sld001.htm

A really cray cray video about DDT (don't miss)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-UiCSvQvVys

How DDT affects a marine food chain:


DDT in fat tissue and human breast milk (DDE = DDT - hydrogen)

Watch these before class tomorrow:

Positive and Negative Feedback Loops
http://www.bozemanscience.com/positive-and-negative-feedback-loops/

And for a specific example of feed back involving hormones in the body...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WVrlHH14q3o

And the reproductive system!!!  YAY!!!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_7rsH2loIY8

Experimental Design

Design an experiment to test how fruit flies respond to various environmental stimuli, for example,  the presence of a piece of banana in various stages of ripeness, cotton soaked in various molarities of sucrose, cotton soaked in various toxic substances, various colors of light etc.  You will take data by observing the flies in a choice chamber as shown below.




List the following:
Your hypothesis:
Your null hypothesis:
Your independent variable:
Your dependent variable:
Constants:
The control trial:


Imagine you conducted the experiment with a banana and got the following data:

Perform a Chi-square analysis of the above data using this chart:

The Synapse and the Neuromuscular Junction

The synapse (We will go over this today as a class)
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/human-biology/neuron-nervous-system/v/neuronal-synapses--chemical

This is a good time to review cellular respiration!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00jbG_cfGuQ

The motor neuron:
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/musculoskeletal%20system/Introduction%20to%20muscles/v/motor-neurons

The neuromuscular junction:
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/musculoskeletal%20system/Introduction%20to%20muscles/v/neuromuscular-junction

Crash Course:  The Muscular System
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqy0i1KXUO4&index=32&list=PL3EED4C1D684D3ADF

The Nervous System

Use this site to continue your studying of the nervous system.
http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/301notes2.htm

Weekend Homework- Nervous System

Crash Course- The Nervous System
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x4PPZCLnVkA

Here is the main page for the Khan videos on the nervous system:
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/human-biology/neuron-nervous-system/v/anatomy-of-a-neuron

The questions will be posted in batches- the first batch Saturday morning and the second batch Sunday morning.

Video #1- “Anatomy of a Neuron”

1. What is the function of the neuron?
2. Draw and label a typical neuron.
3. Describe the various parts of the neuron (soma, dendrite, axon, axon terminal, axon hillock, Schwann cells (myelin sheath), and nodes of Ranvier)
4. How do neurons connect to each other?

Video #2 and #3- "The Sodium Potassium Pump" and "Correction to Na-K Pump Video"

1. What is an action potential?
2. What is a voltage potential?  Or, what is voltage in general?  What is the difference between the outside and inside of the neuron in MV?
3. What is the role of sodium-potassium pumps?  Where are they located?  How do they get the energy to “pump?”
4. What does ATP-ase do?  Why does the Na-K pump need to use energy from ATP?
5. How many and what kinds of ions are pumped in each “pump?” Where are they pumped?  So, how does Khan use this to explain why there is a voltage potential across the membrane?  How does he correct himself in the third video? (In other words, what is the main reason for the voltage potential?)
6. How is a voltage potential like a concentration gradient?

Video #4- “Electrotonic and Action Potential.” This is one of the most useful Khan videos of all time!!!

1.     Why does sodium flow through the membrane (two reasons)

2.     Describe the spread of an electrotonic potential.

3.     What are voltage-gated ion channels and how do they work?

4.     What is the relationship between the electrotonic potential and the opening and closing of the ion channels?  How is this dynamic responsible for the propagation of the signal?

5.     Define action potential.

Video #5- “Saltatory Conduction in Neurons.”

1.     How is the structure of the neuron related to its function?  ***One of the main questions in the AP Biology curriculum***

2.     How does the stimulus spread from the dendrite to the axon hillock?

3.     What is the threshold voltage that is required to open the voltage-gated sodium channels?  How does this explain how we can be touched, but not feel it?

4.     Does the voltage go up or down when the voltage gated ion channels are triggered?  Does this mean the voltage difference is greater or less?

5.     Why do we insulate wires?  How does this relate to the axon? Why is it not a perfect analogy?  Why can’t we surround the  axon completely with Schwann cells?

6.     What are the pros and cons of electrotonic potentials and action potentials?

7.     Sometimes teachers say that the signal “jumps from node to node?”  Why is that inaccurate?

8.     Define saltatory conduction.

Prepare for your quiz!

Re-watch the Crash Course (two posts ago) and finish up the Khan Academy Videos below:

Helper T Cells:
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/immunology/v/helper-t-cells

Killah T Cells:
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/immunology/v/cytotoxic-t-cells



Also, for those of you thinking one month ahead- here is the info on the AP test. Including a practice test and last year's short answer questions.
http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/members/exam/exam_information/1996.html

Immune System Homework for Tuesday Night

Review the immune system with this video by Mr. Anderson (note the castle analogy!)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z3M0vU3Dv8E

Watch the following videos from Khan Academy and take notes in preparation for a quiz on the immune system on Friday.

B Cells
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/immunology/v/b-lymphocytes--b-cells

APC and MHC
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/immunology/v/professional-antigen-presenting-cells--apc--and-mhc-ii-complexes

As requested by Mel:  (So, motherhood calls, so will add some tomorrow in the early AM.  This will get you through the first video.  Just take good notes on the second video and you'll be okay!!!)
1) What is the relationship between the MHC, antigens and antibodies?
2)  Describe the structure of an antibody.  What do antibodies do? (This is at the end)
3)  How can there be so many different variable groups on membrane bound antibodies, I mean HOW?!
4)  What is clonal selection?
5)  Contrast plasma cells and memory cells.
6)  How does the B cell response explain why you don't get sick from the same virus twice?

Get ahead:

Helper T Cells
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/immunology/v/helper-t-cells

Killer T Cells
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/immunology/v/cytotoxic-t-cells

Immune System Homework (Must be done by class on Tuesday 4/8)

The immune system is one of the few systems that you need to know for the AP test.
Watch the three videos below:

Watch the Crash Course video for an overview.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CeVtPDjJBPU&list=PL3EED4C1D684D3ADF&index=33

Then, take notes on the following Khan Academy Videos and bring them to class tomorrow.
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/immunology/v/role-of-phagocytes-in-innate-or-nonspecific-immunity
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/immunology/v/types-of-immune-responses--innate-and-adaptive---humoral-vs--cell-mediated

Want to get ahead?  Take notes on the following videos.

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/immunology/v/b-lymphocytes--b-cells

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/immunology/v/professional-antigen-presenting-cells--apc--and-mhc-ii-complexes

Study Guide and Short Answers on the Plant Test MOVED TO MONDAY

One of the short answers will One of the short answers will be on the Went experiment on page 826 seen below:

Be SURE you know which side is undergoing more cell division.

The second Short Answer will directly relate to the Transpiration Lab we did in class.

Study Guide for the Multiple Choice:

Focused Study Guide on Plant Structure and Function

1. What would happen if the mycorrhizae were removed from a plant?
2. What are apical meristems?  What hormone is produced there and what effect does this hormone have?
3. What are some examples of active transport?
4. What are the functions of proton pumps?
5. What are the characteristics of land plants’ earliest ancestor?
6. What factors contribute to the movement of water up the xylem?
7. How can water potential be affected?
8. How does water move in response to solutes and pressure?
9. What are the factors that affect transpiration rates?
10. How (and where) do plants exchange gasses with the environment?
11. What is the sequence of events in the alternation of generations in an angiosperm?
12. What is the sequence of events in angiosperm reproduction, specifically?
13. Know how to label a diagram of alternation of generations.
14. What parts of a plant are affected by auxins?
15. How does auxin result in plant growth according to the acid-growth hypothesis?
16. What are the steps of a signal-transduction pathway?

There will be questions that you can't study for, but will require critical thinking and graph reading- don't freak out.